Study Guide: Cell Structures
To-Do Date: Feb 6 at 12:00pmCartoon
In the comic, a prokaryote gestures towards an empty podium in a museum. The prokaryote says "And here's where I'd put my nucleus! IF I HAD ONE!"
If prokaryotes don't have nuclei (and they don't), where do they keep their DNA? What are some other differences between prokaryotic and other (eukaryotic) cells? You'll learn all this and more on this page!
Learning Objectives
We will cover this material starting toward the end of Week 3, but it won't appear on your Lecture Exam that will be next week. Instead, it will be on the following Lecture Exam.
By the end of next week, you should be able to:
- Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:
- similarities and differences in genetic material- amount and location.
- similarities and differences in ribosomes, membrane bound organelles: nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, cytoskeleton, mitochondria and chloroplasts, cell wall and cell membrane
- Compare and contrast plant and animal cells.
- similarities and differences in ribosomes, membrane bound organelles: nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, cytoskeleton, mitochondria and chloroplasts, cell wall and cell membrane
- Label and describe the function of each of the organelles in a eukaryotic cell.
- Explain the production, modification and exocytosis of proteins in eukaryotic cells
- Explain how cells use active transport of ions to maintain concentration gradient of water (ie osmosis)
Study Guide Questions: Metacognition
Some of these questions will be used for your the short answer portion of your exam. The others will be converted into multiple choice questions.
1. What cell structures and functions do all cells have in common ( plant and animal and bacterial)?How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different? Make sure to use the following vocabulary: DNA, chromosomes, ribosomes, membrane bound organelles, cytoplasm, phospholipid bilayer, enzymes, protein modification, reproduction.
2. For each of the following cell structures, explain their function; ribosomes, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, cytoskeleton, mitochondria and chloroplasts, cell wall and cell membrane.
3.How does a cell make, modify and then export a protein. (For example, your pancreas makes and exports insulin) Make sure to use the following vocabulary: ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, cytoskeleton, Golgi apparatus, cell membrane.
4. Plant cells need a lot of water to keep their shape. They need to absorb that water and get it into their cells. Explain how a plant cell could make sure to absorb and keep a lot of water. Make sure to use the following vocabulary: active transport, ions, concentration gradient, osmosis, cell wall, cell membrane, pressure. ( You may be able to figure it out from the videos, but if not, we will go over this in class.)