Pre-Lab: Guided Reading - Diabetes

Read the article, titled Diabetes Mellitus (2012, Harvard Health).  The article starts at the bottom of the first page.  Use the information contained in this article to answer the questions below.  The article is fairly long, and you may want to read the entire article for your own interest, but I'm only assigning the sections indicated below. The questions indicated what I want you to read/learn.  

Link to the article: Diabetes Mellitus Download Diabetes Mellitus

Pages  832-835 : Overview of Different Types of Diabetes: 

1. Diabetes mellitus is due to two different problems with glucose metabolism. What are those two different problems? 
   • In both cases what happens to blood glucose levels?
   • Which is the more common type of diabetes?
2. When is insulin released? What happens under normal conditions ?
   • When is glucagon (amongst other hormones) released? What happens in response to glucagon?
3. What are the hypotheses regarding what causes Type I diabetes?
4. Which cells in the pancreas are affected and what happens to them?  What happens to insulin production? And therefore what happens to glucose uptake by cells and blood glucose levels?
5. Type II diabetics make insulin but still have abnormally high blood sugar levels. What causes the problem for Type II diabetics?  What is insulin resistance?
6. Why do you think that Type II diabetics are usually people over 40 years old? Did those people have a problem when they were younger? Why did it take so long to show up?
7. What are the factors that are linked to Type II diabetes?
8. What are some suggestions for preventing Type II diabetes? Would those work to prevent Type I?

Pages 835-838: skim these pages. They go into detail about symptoms and complications due to the disease. 

9. What is one symptom and one complication?  Note that these are the same for both types of diabetes. 

Page 838 

10. What is the treatment for Type I diabetes?
11. What are the benefits to tight blood sugar control for Type I diabetics? 

Pages 842

12. What are treatments for Type II diabetes?  List just the main categories ( hint: oral medication is sufficient detail! don't list all the different types. )