Lecture Exam II

Your second exam will be on Wednesday, February 22nd in class.  You will need a scantron and a pencil and I will provide scratch paper and paper for writing short answers.

The exam will consist of

• 30-40 Multiple Choice Questions
• 3-4 Short answer Questions. 
  • These questions will be taken from the  Study Guide Questions below
  • I will convert the rest of the questions into multiple choice questions

Learning Objectives 

Cell Structures

• • Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: 
    • similarities and differences in genetic material- amount and location. 
    • similarities and differences in ribosomes, membrane bound organelles: nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, cytoskeleton, mitochondria and chloroplasts, cell wall and cell membrane
  • Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. 
    • similarities and differences in ribosomes,  membrane bound organelles: nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, cytoskeleton, mitochondria and chloroplasts, cell wall and cell membrane  
  • Label and describe the function of each of the organelles in a eukaryotic cell.
  • Explain the production, modification and exocytosis of proteins in eukaryotic cells
  • Explain how cells use active transport of ions to maintain concentration gradient of water (ie osmosis)

Cell Respiration:

• • • Explain the importance of chemical energy for living organisms- the role of organic molecules and ATP
    • Explain the point of doing cellular respiration
    • What is the overall reaction equation for cellular respiration?
      • where do the reactants come from?
      • where do the products go?
    • Draw the places in the cell where each stage of cellular respiration occurs and label the place and the stage 
    • For each stage of cellular respiration: 
      • what's the name of the stage?
      • what goes in? (reactants)
      • what comes Listen Links to an external site. out (products)
      • what's the purpose? (why are these products important?)
      • where does this stage happen within a cell?
    • Electron Transport Chain: 
      • Understand what is the source of energy to  build the proton (H+) gradient. 
      • Explain how the H+ concentration gradient is used to help generate ATP.
      • What is oxygen’s job in the electron transport chain? **don’t say “to make ATP” – that’s ATP synthase’s job.

Study Guide Questions: Metacognition

Some of these questions will be used for your the short answer portion of your exam. The others will be converted into multiple choice questions.  

Cell Membranes

1. Draw and label parts of cell membrane:(see list above in Learning Objectives). Identify which parts are polar and which are nonpolar. 

2. Fill in this chart

3.   How would a cell secrete a protein that it had made? (ie how does the protein get from inside the cell to outside the cell). An example would be the cells that line your small intestine secrete digestive enzymes. Make sure to use the following vocabulary:  endocytosis, vesicles, cytoskeleton, fusion of vesicle with the membrane. 

4. How would a cell secrete H+?  (ie how do these ions get from inside the cell to outside the cell) An example of this is what happens in your stomach-cells secrete H+ to keep the stomach acidic. Make sure to use the following vocabulary:  high concentration, low concentration, concentration gradient, facilitated diffusion, transport proteins, 

Cell Structures

1. What cell structures and functions do all cells  have in common ( plant and animal and bacterial)?How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different? Make sure to use the following vocabulary: DNA, chromosomes, ribosomes, membrane bound organelles, cytoplasm, phospholipid bilayer, enzymes, protein modification, reproduction. 

2. For each of the following cell structures, explain their function;  ribosomes,  nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, cytoskeleton, mitochondria and chloroplasts, cell wall and cell membrane.

3. How does a cell make, modify and then export a protein. (For example, your pancreas  makes and exports insulin)   Make sure to use the following vocabulary: ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, cytoskeleton, Golgi apparatus, cell membrane.  

4. Plant cells need a lot of water to  keep their shape. They need to absorb that water and get it into their cells. Explain how a plant cell could make sure to absorb and keep a lot of water. Make sure to use the following vocabulary:  active transport, ions, concentration gradient, osmosis, cell wall, cell membrane, pressure.

Cell Respiration and Cell Signaling

4. Fill in this chart:

5. Write out the overall equation for Cellular Respiration: The reactants on the left side of the arrow and products on the right side. Note: if something is produced in glycolysis, but used up in the ETC and recycled, it shouldn't be put into this overall equation (ie NADH).  

6.  After several minutes without oxygen, most people will pass out. If they go without oxygen for 4-6 minutes, a person can have brain damage. Use your knowledge of cellular respiration and ATP to explain why this is the case.  Make sure to include the following vocabulary: ATP, work in cells (such as the work of conducting nerve impulses or muscle contraction), oxygen, electron transport chain, ATP synthase, NADH, Citric Acid Cycle, Glycolysis.