Paraphrase, summary, and direct quoting are important skills for helping you keep track of information that research sources provide. Research requires sifting through a variety of material, and taking notes that summarize what the source is about or paraphrase main ideas help you manage and locate information more effectively. While Chapter 6 presents the basics of how to go about making a paraphrase or summary from a text, Chapter 15 explores in more depth how a writer can effectively use paraphrase, summary, and quotes in her or his own paper and arguments.

Read Chapter 6 "Taking Notes," particularly section 6a and section 6b, which covers skills in paraphrase and summary and the selection "Quote Directly."

Taking notes early in your work on a research writing project allows you to keep track of what your sources have to offer. Later, as you begin to focus on planning and drafting your document, you'll be able to review your notes to determine whether to reread a source or set it aside and save time for other, more relevant sources. (Palmquist 99)

Remember that, no matter how you might use a quotation later, your notes must be accurate. When you quote directly in your notes, you should enclose the passage in quotation marks, identify the sources, and list the number of the page (or paragraph, if you are using a digital source that does not include page numbers) where the quotation can be found. Proofread what you have written to make sure it matchers the original source exactly--including wording, punctuation, and spelling. (Palmquist 101)

Focus your reading on these areas:

6a. Why should I take notes? (page 99)
6b. How can I record useful information, ideas, and arguments in my notes? (page 100)
This section specifically discusses Paraphrase and Summary, along with note-taking methods and direct quotation in exploring research sources. And the selection "Quote Directly" identifies writing situations when using direct quotation is important. Also reviewed are the occasions when writers use elipses (...), brackets ( [ ] ), and the use of the term "sic."

Read Chapter 15 "Using Sources Effectively," and focus on section 15b. "How can I integrate sources into my draft?" and review section 15b. "How can I integrate sources into my draft?"

A well-chosen quotation can have a powerful impact on your readers' perception of your argument and the overall quality of your document....Quotations can range in form from breif, partial quotations to extended, block quotations. As you integrate quotations into your documents, remember that you might need to modify them to suit your purpose and fit the flow of sentences. When you do, be careful to punctuate them properly.(Palmquist 263-4)

You can integrate information, ideas, and arguments from sources into your draft by quoting, paraphrasing, summarizing, presenting numerical information, and using illustrations. As you do so, make a point of distinguishing your ideas and information from those found in your sources. (Palmquist 262)

Section 15b presents a number of extremely useful strategies for building sources into your writing:

15b. How can I integrate sources into my draft? (page 262)
Along with the sections "Paraphrase Information, Ideas, and Arguments" and "Summarize," other important topics include Identifying your sources, particularly with Attributions and in-text citations and by Providing a context. The sections here on direct quotation will also be reviewed in other Research Unit modules. Also, pay special attention to the section "Identify Your Sources" and its recommendations for Attributions and in-text citations and by Providing a context. The section "Quote Strategically" reviews partial, complete, and block quotations as well as modifying quotes appropriately and fairly and punctuating quotes correctly. For further review, examine the Tutorial on integrating quotations on page 267.